Effect of Harvest Time on Yield and Quality of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil in Isfahan Province, Iran

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is a perennial sub shrub belonging to family Lamiaceae. Thyme essential oils have been used for many thousands of years, especially in food preservation, pharmaceuticals, alternative medicine and natural therapies. In order to determine the effect of harvest time on quality and quantity of essential oil in thyme, this experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at research station of Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan (Isfahan) during 2010-2011. Plants were harvested in five stages: before blooming, beginning of blooming, 50% blooming, full blooming and fruit set. The essential oils obtained from the phenological stages of thyme were analyzed by using GC/MS. The results obtained in our study showed that the phenological stages had very significant effects (P < 0.01) on essential oil yield and percentage as well as thymol percentage and yield. The highest essential oil content of thyme (2.42%) was extracted at the beginning of blooming stage. Analysis and identification of components showed that thymol is the main compound in all samples. The highest thymol content of thyme (74.8%) was extracted at the full blooming stage. According to the results of this research, harvesting the thyme at 50% blooming stage have maximum essential oil quality and quantity in Isfahan province

Application Procedures and Practices Futures Human Resource Planning

The most effective element of human resource development and organization of their most valuable asset is of very high importance of the human resource planning and extension and improvement of the level of complexity on the other hand, the progress, the amazing growth of technology, communications, and changes in the period and the emergence of new current problems in the International community, planning methods based on predictions somewhat dumb enough to not seem unreasonable and meet the real needs of the micro and macro levels is not.The inability to accurately predict the future and the growing complexity of the changes made The researchers took advantage of the capabilities and benefits of futures and fixed as it is necessary for planning and forecasting of scientific developments and the political, military, technology, consider.Future research into the human ability to imagine a future issue are considered and makes progress.Future studies, systematic process to identify opportunities and future needs, and to assist major organizations in making decisions, so future studies approach quickly spread among the communities and organizations and special place different areas of science, so in this article has been tried and tested techniques and methods of futures research and application of each of these methods in the field of human resource planning, which can be crucial in the development and promotion organization is explained and described

Comparing the effect of unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin in preventing of deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis after craniotomy in patients with brain tumor

کرانیوتومی با توجه به مستعد کردن بیماران به بی حرکتی، پس از عمل عاملی خطرساز برای ایجاد ترومبوز وریدی محسوب می شود. هدف از مطالعه حاضر مقایسه اثر دو روش درمان رایج برای پیشگیری از ترومبوز وریدی شامل هپارین معمولی ((unfractionated و هپارین با وزن مولکولی کم (کلگزان) در پیشگیری از این عارضه است. روش بررسی: در این کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی و دوسوکور که از سال 1387 تا 1389 در اصفهان انجام شد، تعداد 154 بیمار که به علت تومور مغزی مورد عمل جراحی کرانیوتومی قرار گرفته در دو گروه تقسیم و مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. در گروه اول از 48 ساعت بعد از عمل کلگزان به میزان mg/d 40 به صورت زیرجلدی تجویز شد. بیماران در گروه دوم از 48 ساعت بعد از عمل، هپارین unfractionated به میزان IU/12h 5000 به صورت زیرجلدی دریافت کردند و نتایج در نرم افزار با کمک آزمون های T-test و Chi-Square مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته ها:در این مطالعه تفاوت آماری معنی داری از نظر سن، جنس و بیماری های زمینه ای بین دو گروه مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). طی مطالعه 14 مورد (2/18) ترومبوز وریدهای عمقی تحت بالینی در گروه هپارین و 3 مورد (9/3) در گروه کلگزان مشاهده شد (011/0=P). هیچکدام از بیماران در پیگیری پس از کرانیوتومی دچار خونریزی داخل مغزی نشدند. نتیجه گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان می دهد که کلگزان نسبت به هپارین unfractionated در پیشگیری از ترومبوز ورید عمقی پس از کرانیوتومی در بیماران مبتلا به تومور مغزی مؤثرتر و ایمن تر است

Observing the Cross-Infection Control Among Dental Clinics and Laboratories

Introduction: Dentists and all related oral hygiene occupations are endanger of cross contamination because of close contacts with patients. Dental laboratories are one of those which have a direct contact with dentist and cross infection control plays an important role to prevent exposure to pathogens. According to the fact that many dental laboratories are not well informed about cross infection control; the aim of this study is to prepare a questionnaire for evaluating both dentists and dental laboratories knowledge about cross control infections. Materials & Methods: 250 dentist and 50 dental laboratories were randomly chosen and prepared questionnaire distributed. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-Square test. Results: There was no significant differences between general and post graduated dentist in using gloves, masks and protective eye glasses (p value > 0.05).the results showed no significant differences in uses of protective eye glasses between dentist who worked in clinics and private offices (p value = 0.384), but there was significant differences in using gloves (p value = 0.02).condensation silicones (90.5%) and alginates (90%) were the most impression materials and 88% of dentist rinsed the impressions always while 0.8% never did that. Conclusion: The cross control infection is no

Effect of Harvest Time on Yield and Quality of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil in Isfahan Province, Iran

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is a perennial sub shrub belonging to family Lamiaceae. Thyme essential oils have been used for many thousands of years, especially in food preservation, pharmaceuticals, alternative medicine and natural therapies. In order to determine the effect of harvest time on quality and quantity of essential oil in thyme, this experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at research station of Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan (Isfahan) during 2010-2011. Plants were harvested in five stages: before blooming, beginning of blooming, 50% blooming, full blooming and fruit set. The essential oils obtained from the phenological stages of thyme were analyzed by using GC/MS. The results obtained in our study showed that the phenological stages had very significant effects (P < 0.01) on essential oil yield and percentage as well as thymol percentage and yield. The highest essential oil content of thyme (2.42%) was extracted at the beginning of blooming stage. Analysis and identification of components showed that thymol is the main compound in all samples. The highest thymol content of thyme (74.8%) was extracted at the full blooming stage. According to the results of this research, harvesting the thyme at 50% blooming stage have maximum essential oil quality and quantity in Isfahan province

Improved Rheological Model of Oil-Based Drilling Fluid for South-western Iranian Oilfields

In this study, predictive capabilities of apparent viscosity of oil-based drilling fluids which is used in National Iranian South Oilfields Company (NISOC) were evaluated using Newtonian and non-Newtonian models to drive a new suitable equation. The non-Newtonian models include Bingham plastic, Power law, Herschel-Bulkley, Casson, and Robertson-Stiff. To validate the results, the calculated viscosity from rheology models was compared to the fann 35 data of viscometer. The results showed that Robertson-Stiff model has the best prediction of shear stress and viscosity with an absolute average percent error of 3.58. This was followed by Herschel-Bulkley, Casson, Power law, Bingham plastic, and Newtonian with the absolute average percent error of 3.68, 3.77, 9.04, 20.09, and 44.02 respectively. Therefore, the new equation was proposed to predict the shear stress for oil-based drilling fluids which is used in Southwestern Iranian Oilfields. In comparison to the results of the experimental data of this study, it was revealed that the proposed equation has a good agreement with the real shear stress and apparent viscosities

Correlation of Contributing Factors with Post- Endoscopic Trans-Sphenoid Surgery Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Pituitary Adenoma

Introduction: Pituitary adenomas are commonly benign, slow-growing tumors that arise from cells in the pituitary gland and consist of a common type of intracranial space-occupying lesions. Based on the functionality and size of the adenoma, both medical and surgical approaches have been described. In this study, the authors aim to determine the effects of contributing factors of patients with pituitary adenoma undergoing trans-sphenoidal endoscopic surgery to their postoperative clinical status. Material and Methods: From March 2015 to November 2016, 100 patients diagnosed with pituitary adenoma confirmed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) underwent a trans-sphenoidal endoscopic approach in the department of Neurosurgery of Shohada Tajrish Hospital. Demographic data, as well as pre-defined relevant contributing factors regarding clinical status, were recorded. All patients underwent neuroimaging and neurological examination before surgery and were followed in the postoperative period by repeated neurological examination, imaging surveys, and histopathological studies. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program version 23. Results: This study consisted of 59 males and 41 females with a mean age of 45.2 (24-63 years). Visual field defect (48\%) was the most frequent finding, while asymptomatic status (36\%) was the second major clinical finding in the patients. Neuroimaging survey revealed small tumor size and low extension type in 39 and 40 patients, respectively. Following the trans-sphenoid surgical approach, intact adrenal, gonadal, and thyroid function was found in 92\%, 92\%, and 89\% of the postoperative phase cases. In the postoperative period, visual field defects, need for re-operation, diabetes insipidus (DI), focal neurological deficits (FND), diplopia, post-operative hemorrhagic event, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and meningitis were observed in 15\%, 6\%, 5\%, 4\%, 3\%, 3\%, 2\% and 1\% respectively. Moreover, three patients expired in the postoperative period. Our statistical analysis identified the presence of headache (P-value 0.039), functional pituitary adenoma(P-value 0.031), abnormal adrenal gland function(P-value 0.028), abnormal thyroid function (P-value 0.003), and abnormal growth hormone (GH) levels (P-value 0.008) as the major relevant contributing factors in determining the clinical status such as radiological imaging studies of the pituitary region, and hormonal profiles of these groups of patients. Conclusion: In general, the current study revealed that headache, as well as the presence of functional pituitary adenoma and abnormal adrenal, thyroid, and growth hormone levels, are among the major contributing factors in the determination of the postoperative clinical status of patients diagnosed with pituitary adenomas underwent trans-sphenoid surgery